The Comparative Effect of Occupational and Musical Enrichment on Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolite Levels in a Captive Colony of Stumptail Macaques (Macaca arctoides)

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dc.contributor.affiliationDepartamento de Etología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
dc.contributor.emailalcm@imp.edu.mx
dc.creatorMayagoitia-Novales, Lilian
dc.creatorCerda-Molina, Ana Lilia
dc.creatorMartín-Guerrero, María Andrea
dc.creatorMuñoz-Zamudio, Emmanuel
dc.creatorEstudillo-Mendoza, Gema R.
dc.creatorBorráz-León, Javier I.
dc.creator.identificadorhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6053-7358 (Cerda-Molina, Ana Lilia)
dc.creator.identificadorhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9815-1442 (Borráz-León, Javier I.)
dc.date2024
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-19T21:56:29Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.date.published2024
dc.descriptionEnvironmental enrichment improves captive animal welfare by reducing stress-related behaviors. Previous studies in a captive colony of stumptail macaques (Macaca arctoides) reported a reduction of aggression, coprophilia, and stereotypic behaviors after an occupational enrichment program; however, the effect on stress hormones such as glucocorticoids has not been investigated yet. The goal of this study was to compare the effect of sex, age, and social rank on changes in fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCM) after applying two kinds of enrichments (occupational vs. musical) in a captive colony of stumptail macaques. We collected 234 fecal samples from 25 stumptail macaques under the following conditions: (1) basal (no enrichment), (2) three weeks of occupational enrichment, and (3) three weeks of relaxing/classical music. The Generalized Estimated Equation Model showed an increase in fGCM levels after the occupational enrichment only in adult subjects (p = 0.003 compared to basal). The fGCM levels reached by the adults after the occupational enrichment was higher than that of juveniles (p = 0.002) and subadults (p = 0.02). Occupational and musical enrichment decreased fGCM levels only in middle-ranking individuals (p < 0.001 and p = 0.013, respectively). No sex differences were found. In conclusion, there were age and rank differences in individuals' physiological reactivity to the effects of environmental enrichment which need to be considered when planning enrichment programs.
dc.formatPDF
dc.identifierJC21NC24
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/biology13020124
dc.identifier.eissn2079-7737
dc.identifier.organizacionInstituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz
dc.identifier.placeSuiza
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.inprf.gob.mx/handle/123456789/126
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/biology13020124
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relation13(2):124
dc.relation.jnabreviadoBIOLOGY (BASEL)
dc.relation.journalBiology
dc.rightsAcceso Cerrado
dc.subject.kwFecal glucocorticoid metabolites
dc.subject.kwEnrichment programs
dc.subject.kwOccupational enrichment
dc.subject.kwMusic enrichment
dc.subject.kwPrimate welfare
dc.subject.kwMacaca arctoides
dc.titleThe Comparative Effect of Occupational and Musical Enrichment on Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolite Levels in a Captive Colony of Stumptail Macaques (Macaca arctoides)
dc.typeArtículo

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