Toward a global view of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and cocaine use: findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

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dc.contributor.affiliationNational Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.es_ES
dc.contributor.emaill.degenhardt@unsw.edu.aues_ES
dc.creatorDegenhardt, Louisa
dc.creatorChiu, Wai-Tat
dc.creatorSampson, Nancy
dc.creatorKessler, Ronald C.
dc.creatorAnthony, James C.
dc.creatorAngermeyer, Matthias
dc.creatorBruffaerts, Ronny
dc.creatorDe Girolamo, Giovanni
dc.creatorGureje, Oye
dc.creatorHuang, Yueqin
dc.creatorKaram, Aimee
dc.creatorKostyuchenko, Stanislav
dc.creatorLepine, Jean Pierre
dc.creatorMedina Mora, María Elena
dc.creatorNeumark, Yehuda
dc.creatorOrmel, J. Hans
dc.creatorPinto-Meza, Alejandra
dc.creatorPosada-Villa, José
dc.creatorStein, Dan J.
dc.creatorTakeshima, Tadashi
dc.creatorWells, J. Elisabeth
dc.creator.identificador"http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8513-2218">Degenhardt, Louisaes_ES
dc.creator.identificador"http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9300-0752">Medina-Mora Icaza, María Elenaes_ES
dc.date.accessioned2017-06-29T06:03:20Z
dc.date.accessioned2026-03-27T14:35:48Z
dc.date.available2017-06-29T06:03:20Z
dc.date.issued2008es_ES
dc.date.published2008es_ES
dc.description.abstractotrodiomaBACKGROUND: Alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drug use cause considerable morbidity and mortality, but good cross-national epidemiological data are limited. This paper describes such data from the first 17 countries participating in the World Health Organization's (WHO's) World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Household surveys with a combined sample size of 85,052 were carried out in the Americas (Colombia, Mexico, United States), Europe (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Ukraine), Middle East and Africa (Israel, Lebanon, Nigeria, South Africa), Asia (Japan, People's Republic of China), and Oceania (New Zealand). The WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to assess the prevalence and correlates of a wide variety of mental and substance disorders. This paper focuses on lifetime use and age of initiation of tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine. Alcohol had been used by most in the Americas, Europe, Japan, and New Zealand, with smaller proportions in the Middle East, Africa, and China. Cannabis use in the US and New Zealand (both 42%) was far higher than in any other country. The US was also an outlier in cocaine use (16%). Males were more likely than females to have used drugs; and a sex-cohort interaction was observed, whereby not only were younger cohorts more likely to use all drugs, but the male-female gap was closing in more recent cohorts. The period of risk for drug initiation also appears to be lengthening longer into adulthood among more recent cohorts. Associations with sociodemographic variables were consistent across countries, as were the curves of incidence of lifetime use. CONCLUSIONS: Globally, drug use is not distributed evenly and is not simply related to drug policy, since countries with stringent user-level illegal drug policies did not have lower levels of use than countries with liberal ones. Sex differences were consistently documented, but are decreasing in more recent cohorts, who also have higher levels of illegal drug use and extensions in the period of risk for initiation.es_ES
dc.description.monthJules_ES
dc.identifier579es_ES
dc.identifier.citationAlberto Darío Ramírez Gonzálezes_ES
dc.identifier.doi10.1371/journal.pmed.0050141es_ES
dc.identifier.eissn1549-1676es_ES
dc.identifier.issn1549-1277es_ES
dc.identifier.numero7es_ES
dc.identifier.organizacionInstituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñizes_ES
dc.identifier.paginacione141es_ES
dc.identifier.placeUnited Stateses_ES
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050141es_ES
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2443200/es_ES
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.inprf.gob.mx/handle/123456789/5265
dc.identifier.volumen5es_ES
dc.language.isoenges_ES
dc.relation5 (7) p141 p.es_ES
dc.relationversión del editores_ES
dc.relation.jnabreviadoPLOS MEDes_ES
dc.relation.journalPLoS Medicinees_ES
dc.rightsacceso cerradoes_ES
dc.subject.meshAdolescentes_ES
dc.subject.meshAdultes_ES
dc.subject.meshAlcohol-related disorders-Economicses_ES
dc.subject.meshAlcohol-related disorders-Epidemiologyes_ES
dc.subject.meshAlcohol-related disorders-Ethnologyes_ES
dc.subject.meshAlcohol-related disorders-Psychologyes_ES
dc.subject.meshCannabises_ES
dc.subject.meshCocaine-related disorders-Economicses_ES
dc.subject.meshCocaine-related disorders-Epidemiologyes_ES
dc.subject.meshCocaine-related disorders-Ethnologyes_ES
dc.subject.meshCocaine-related disorders-Psychologyes_ES
dc.subject.meshCohort studieses_ES
dc.subject.meshFemalees_ES
dc.subject.meshHealth surveyses_ES
dc.subject.meshHumanses_ES
dc.subject.meshInternationalityes_ES
dc.subject.meshMalees_ES
dc.subject.meshMarijuana abuse-Economicses_ES
dc.subject.meshMarijuana abuse-Epidemiologyes_ES
dc.subject.meshMarijuana abuse-Ethnologyes_ES
dc.subject.meshMarijuana abuse-Psychologyes_ES
dc.subject.meshMental healthes_ES
dc.subject.meshTobacco use disorder-Economicses_ES
dc.subject.meshTobacco use disorder-Epidemiologyes_ES
dc.subject.meshTobacco use disorder-Ethnologyes_ES
dc.subject.meshTobacco use disorder-Psychologyes_ES
dc.subject.meshWorld healthes_ES
dc.subject.meshWorld Health Organizationes_ES
dc.titleToward a global view of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and cocaine use: findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveyses_ES
dc.typearticlees_ES

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