Browsing by Author "Von Korff, Michael"

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Association of Childhood Adversities and Early-Onset Mental Disorders With Adult-Onset Chronic Physical Conditions
(AMER MEDICAL ASSOC, 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA, 2011) Scott, Kate M.; Von Korff, Michael; Angermeyer, Matthias C.; Benjet, Corina; Bruffaerts, Ronny; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Maria Haro, Josep; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Ormel, Johan; Posada-Villa, José; Tachimori, Hisateru; Kessler, Ronald C.; Univ Otago, Dunedin Sch Med, Dept Psychol Med, Dunedin, New Zealand; kate.scott@otago.ac.nz
Context: The physical health consequences of childhood psychosocial adversities may be as substantial as the mental health consequences, but whether this is the case remains unclear because much prior research has involved unrepresentative samples and a selective focus on particular adversities or physical outcomes. The association between early-onset mental disorders and subsequent poor physical health in adulthood has not been investigated. Objective: To investigate whether childhood adversities and early-onset mental disorders are independently associated with increased risk of a range of adult-onset chronic physical conditions in culturally diverse samples spanning the full adult age range. Design: Cross-sectional community surveys of adults in 10 countries. Setting: General population. Participants: Adults (ie, aged >= 18 years; N=18 303), with diagnostic assessment and determination of age at onset of DSM-IV mental disorders, assessment of childhood familial adversities, and age of diagnosis or onset of chronic physical conditions. Main Outcome Measures: Risk (ie, hazard ratios) of adult-onset (ie, at age > 20 years) heart disease, asthma, diabetes mellitus, arthritis, chronic spinal pain, and chronic headache as a function of specific childhood adversities and early-onset (ie, at age < 21 years) DSM-IV depressive and anxiety disorders, with mutual adjustment. Results: A history of 3 or more childhood adversities was independently associated with onset of all 6 physical conditions (hazard ratios, 1.44 to 2.19). Controlling for current mental disorder made little difference to these associations. Early-onset mental disorders were independently associated with onset of 5 physical conditions (hazard ratios, 1.43 to 1.66). Conclusions: These results are consistent with the hypothesis that childhood adversities and early-onset mental disorders have independent, broad-spectrum effects that increase the risk of diverse chronic physical conditions in later life. They require confirmation in a prospectively designed study. The long course of these associations has theoretical and research implications.
Association of headache with childhood adversity and mental disorder: cross-national study
(Royal College of Psychiatrists, British Journal of Psychiatry 17 Belgrave Square, London Swix 8PG, England, 2009) Lee, Sing; Tsang, Adley; Von Korff, Michael; De Graaf, Ron; Benjet, Corina; Haro, Josep Maria; Angermeyer, Matthias; Demyttenaere, Koen; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Gasquet, Isabelle; Merikangas, Kathleen; Posada-Villa, José; Takeshima, Tadashi; Kessler, Ronald C.; Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Psychiat, Hong Kong Mood Disorders Ctr, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China; singlee@cuhk.edu.hk
Background: Community studies about the association of headache with both childhood family adversities and depression/anxiety disorders are limited. Aims: To assess the independent and joint associations of childhood family adversities and early-onset depression and anxiety disorders with risks of adult-onset headache. Method: Data were pooled from cross-sectional community surveys conducted in ten Latin and North American, European and Asian countries (n-18303) by using standardised instruments. Headache and a range of childhood family adversities were assessed by self-report. Results: The number of childhood family adversities was associated with adult-onset headache after adjusting for gender, age, country and early-onset depression/anxiety disorder status (for one adversity, hazard ratio (HR)=1.22-1.6; for two adversities, HR=11.19-1.67; for three or more adversities, HR=1.37-1.95). Early and Current onset of depression/anxiety disorders were independently associated (HR=1.42-1.89) with adult onset headache after controlling for number of childhood family adversities. Conclusions: The findings call for a broad developmental perspective concerning risk factors for development of headache.
Childhood Adversity, Early-Onset Depressive/Anxiety Disorders, and Adult-Onset Asthma
(LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA, 2008) Scott, Kate M.; Von Korff, Michael; Alonso, Jordi; Angermeyer, Matthias C.; Benjet, Corina; Bruffaerts, Ronny; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Haro, Josep Maria; Kessler, Ronald C.; Kovess, Viviane; Ono, Yutaka; Ormel, Johan; Posada-Villa, José; Univ Otago, Dept Psychol Med, Wellington, New Zealand; kate.scott@otago.ac.nz
Objectives: To investigate a) whether childhood adversity predicts adult-onset asthma; b) whether early-onset depressive/anxiety disorders predict adult-onset asthma; and c) whether childhood adversity and early-onset depressive/anxiety disorders predict adult-onset asthma independently of each other. Previous research has suggested, but not established, that childhood adversity may predict adult-onset asthma and, moreover, that the association between mental disorders and asthma may be a function of shared risk factors, such as childhood adversity. Methods: Ten cross-sectional population surveys of household-residing adults (> 18 years, n = 18,303) assessed mental disorders with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0) as part of the World Mental Health surveys. Assessment of a range of childhood family adversities was included. Asthma was ascertained by self-report of lifetime diagnosis and age of diagnosis. Survival analyses calculated hazard ratios (HRs) for risk of adult-onset (>age 20 years) asthma as a function of number and type of childhood adversities and early-onset (
Childhood psychosocial stressors and adult onset arthritis: Broad spectrum risk factors and allostatic load
(International Association for the Study of Pain 1510 H St. NW, Suite 600 Washington, DC 20005-1020, 2009) Von Korff, Michael; Alonso, Jordi; Ormel, Johan; Angermeyer, Matthias; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Fleiz, Clara; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Kessler, Ronald C.; Kovess-Masfety, Viviane; Posada-Villa, José; Scott, Kate M.; Uda, Hidenori; Group Health Center for Health Studies, 1730 Minor Avenue, Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
Neural, endocrine, and immune stress mediators are hypothesized to increase risks of diverse chronic diseases, including arthritis. Retrospective data from the World Mental Health Surveys (N = 18,309) were employed to assess whether adult onset of arthritis was associated with childhood adversities and early onset psychological disorder. Cox proportional hazard models assessed the association of number of childhood adversities and the presence of early onset psychological disorder with arthritis age of onset. Controlling for age, sex, and early onset mental disorder, relative to persons with no childhood adversities, persons with two adversities had an increased risk of adult onset arthritis (hazard ratio = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.08, 1.50), while persons with three or more adversities had a higher risk (HR = 1.44, CI = 1.24, 1.67). Early onset depressive and/or anxiety disorder was associated with an increased risk of adult onset arthritis after controlling for childhood adversities (HR = 1.43, CI = 1.28, 1.61). Since psychosocial stressors may be broad spectrum risk factors that increase risks of diverse chronic conditions in later life (e.g. arthritis, heart disease, diabetes, asthma, and chronic pain), prospective studies of childhood psychosocial stressors may be most productive if multiple disease outcomes are assessed in the same study. Results from this study provide methodological guidance for future prospective studies of the relationship between childhood psychosocial stressors and subsequent risk of adult onset arthritis. 2009 International Association for the Study of Pain. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Common chronic pain conditions in developed and developing countries: Gender and age differences and comorbidity with depression-anxiety disorders.
(CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE, JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND, 2008) Tsang, Adley; Von Korff, Michael; Lee, Sing; Alonso, Jordi; Karam, Elie; Angermeyer, Matthias C.; Borges, Guilherme Luiz Guimaraes; Bromet, Evelyn J.; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Gureje, Oye; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Haro, Josep Maria; Levinson, Daphna; Oakley Browne, Mark A.; Posada-Villa, José; Seedat, Soraya; Watanabe, Makoto; Hong Kong Mood Disorders Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, Hong Kong, PRC.; guibor@imp.edu.mx
Although there is a growing body of research concerning the prevalence and correlates of chronic pain conditions and their association with mental disorders, cross-national research on age and gender differences is limited. The present study reports the prevalence by age and gender of common chronic pain conditions (headache, back or neck pain, arthritis or joint pain, and other chronic pain) in 10 developed and 7 developing countries and their association with the spectrum of both depressive and anxiety disorders. It draws on data from 18 general adult population surveys using a common survey questionnaire (N _ 42,249). Results show that age-standardized prevalence of chronic pain conditions in the previous 12 months was 37.3% in developed countries and 41.1% in developing countries, with back pain and headache being somewhat more common in developing than developed countries. After controlling for comorbid chronic physical diseases, several findings were consistent across developing and developed countries. There was a higher prevalence of chronic pain conditions among females and older persons; and chronic pain was similarly associated with depression-anxiety spectrum disorders in developed and developing countries. However, the large majority of persons reporting chronic pain did not meet criteria for depression or anxiety disorder. We conclude that common pain conditions affect a large percentage of persons in both developed and developing countries.
Disability and treatment of specific mental and physical disorders across the world
(ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS, BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 17 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON SW1X 8PG, ENGLAND, 2008) Ormel, Johan; Petukhova, María; Chatterji, Somnath; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Alonso, Jordi; Angermeyer, Matthias C.; Bromet, Evelyn J.; Burger, Huibert; Demyttenaere, Koen; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Maria Haro, Josep; Hwang, Irving; Karam, Elie; Kawakami, Norito; Lepine, Jean Pierre; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Posada-Villa, José; Sampson, Nancy; Scott, Kate; Uestuen, T. Bedirhan; Von Korff, Michael; Williams, David R.; Zhang, Mingyuan; Kessler, Ronald C.; Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 USA; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
Background: Advocates of expanded mental health treatment assert that mental disorders are as disabling as physical disorders, but little evidence supports this assertion. Aims: To establish the disability and treatment of specific mental and physical disorders in high-income and low- and middle-income countries. Method: Community epidemiological surveys were administered in 15 countries through the World Health organization World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative. Results: Respondents in both high-income and low- and middle-income countries attributed higher disability to mental disorders than to the commonly occurring physical disorders included in the surveys. This pattern held for all disorders and also for treated disorders. Disaggregation showed that the higher disability of mental than physical disorders was limited to disability in social and personal role functioning, whereas disability in productive role functioning was generally comparable for mental and physical disorders. Conclusions: Despite often higher disability, mental disorders are under-treated compared with physical disorders in both high-income and in low- and middle-income countries.
Early childhood adversity and later hypertension: Data from the World Mental Health Survey
(2010) Stein, Dan J.; Scott, Kate; Haro Abad, Josep M.; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Alonso, Jordi; Angermeyer, Matthias; Demytteneare, Koen; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Iwata, Noboru; Posada-Villa, José; Kovess, Viviane; Lara, Carmen; Ormel, Johan; Kessler, Ronald C.; Von Korff, Michael; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; dan.stein@uct.ac.za
Mental disorders among persons with heart disease - results from World Mental Health Surveys
(ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA, 2007) Ormel, Johan; Von Korff, Michael; Burger, Huibert; Scott, Kate; Demyttenaere, Koen; Huang, Yue-qin; Posada-Villa, José; Lepine, Jean Pierre; Angermeyer, Matthias C.; Levinson, Daphna; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Kawakami, Norito; Karam, Elie; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Gureje, Oye; Williams, David; Haro, Josep Maria; Bromet, Evelyn J.; Alonso, Jordi; Kessler, Ron; Univ Groningen, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, NL-9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands; j.ormel@med.umcg.nl
Objectives: While depression and heart disease often co-occur in Western countries, less is known about the association of anxiety and alcohol use disorders with heart disease and about the cross-cultural consistency of this association. Consistency across emotional disorders and cultures would suggest that relatively universal mechanisms underlie the association. Methods: Surveys with 18 random population samples of household-residing adults in 17 countries in Europe, the Americas, the Middle East, Africa, Asia and the South Pacific were carried out. Medically recognized heart disease was ascertained by self-report. Mental disorders were assessed with the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview, a fully structured diagnostic interview. Results: Specific mood and anxiety disorders occurred among persons with heart disease at rates higher than those among persons without heart disease. Adjusted for sex and age, the pooled odds ratios (95% confidence interval) were 2.1 (1.9-2.5) for mood disorders, 2.2 (1.92.5) for anxiety disorders and 1.4 (1.0-1.9) for alcohol abuse/dependence among persons with versus those without heart disease. These patterns were similar across countries. Conclusions: An excess of anxiety disorders and that of mood disorders are found among persons with heart disease. These associations hold true across countries despite substantial between-country differences in culture and mental disorder prevalence rates. These results suggest that similar mechanisms underlie the association and that a broad spectrum of mood-anxiety disorders should be considered in research on the comorbidity of mental disorders and heart disease. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Modified WHODAS-II provides valid measure of global disability but items increased skewness
(New York : Elsevier, 2008) Von Korff, Michael; Crane, Paul K.; Alonso, Jordi; Vilagut, Gemma; Angermeyer, Matthias C.; Bruffaerts, Ronny; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Gureje, Oye; De Graaf, Ron; Huang, Yueqin; Iwata, Noboru; Karam, Elie G.; Kovess, Viviane; Lara, Carmen; Levinson, Daphna; Posada-Villa, José; Scott, Kate M.; Ormel, Johan; Center for Health Studies; Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound; Seattle, WA
The relation between multiple pains and mental disorders: Results from the World Mental Health Surveys
(Churchill Livingstone, Journal Production Dept, Robert Stevenson House, 1-3 Baxters Place, Leith Walk, Edinburgh EH1 3AF, Midlothian, Scotland, 2008) Gureje, Oye; Von Korff, Michael; Kola, Lola; Demyttenaere, Koen; He, Yanling; Posada-Villa, José; Lepine, Jean Pierre; Angermeyer, Matthias C.; Levinson, Daphna; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Iwata, Noboru; Karam, Aimee; Borges, Guilherme Luiz Guimaraes; De Graaf, Ron; Browne, Mark Oakley; Stein, Dan J.; Maria Haro, Josep; Bromet, Evelyn J.; Kessler, Ron C.; Alonso, Jordi; Univ Ibadan, Dept Psychiat, Ibadan, Nigeria; ogureje@comui.edu.ng