Browsing by Author "Orozco, Ricardo"

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A case-control study of alcohol and substance use disorders as risk factors for non-fatal injury
(OXFORD UNIV PRESS, GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND, 2005) Borges, Guilherme; Mondragón, Liliana; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Orozco, Ricardo; Zambrano, Joaquín; Cherpitel, Cheryl; Metropolitan Autonomous Univ Xochimilco, Mexico City, DF, Mexico; guibor@imp.edu.mx
Aims: While alcohol use is thought to be a major risk factor for both fatal and non-fatal injuries, the association of substance use disorders (alcohol use disorders, AUD and substance use disorders, SUD) with occurrence of injury has not received the same attention. To report the association of AUD and SUD, according to diagnostic and statistics manual of mental disorders-IV (DSM-IV) and international classification of diseases 10 (ICD-10) criteria, and the risk of non-fatal injuries. Methods: A case-control study: Cases included 653 injured patients, 18-65-years-old, who attended one emergency department (ED). Controls included 1131 subjects from a representative sample of residents of Mexico City, of the same age group. Information on drug and alcohol use was obtained by interview using the world mental health version of the composite international diagnostic interview (WMH-CIDI). Results: Among injured patients, the prevalence of substance abuse or dependence within the last 12 months was 12.3% for alcohol and 2.5% for other substances (marijuana, cocaine, tranquilizers, amphetamines, others). Among residents of Mexico City, these prevalences were 1.8 and 0.3%, respectively. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) of injury according to alcohol and substance use were 4.95 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.87-8.52) for alcohol and 2.58 (0.73-9.17) for other substances. An important level of comorbid alcohol and substance use disorders was also found. Conclusions: Efforts in the ED should be carried out to treat and/or refer patients with alcohol and substance use disorders, and special care should be taken to address comorbid cases.
A cross-national study on Mexico-US migration, substance use and substance use disorders
(ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD, ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND, 2011) Borges, Guilherme; Breslau, Joshua; Orozco, Ricardo; Tancredi, Daniel J.; Anderson, Heather; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Medina Mora, María-Elena; Inst Nacl Psiquiatria, Dept Invest Epidemiol, Direcc Invest Epidemiol & Psicosociales, Calzada Mexico Xochimilco 101, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico.; guibor@imp.edu.mx
Background: Epidemiologic research has consistently found lower prevalence of alcohol and drug use disorders among Hispanic immigrants to the US than among US-born Hispanics. Recent research has begun to examine how this change occurs in the process of assimilation in the US. We aimed to study immigration. US nativity, and return migration as risk factors for alcohol and drug use among people of Mexican origin in both the US and Mexico. Methods: Data come from nationally representative surveys in the United States (2001-2003; n = 1208) and Mexico (2001-2002; n = 5782). We used discrete time event history models to account for time-varying and time-invariant characteristics. Results: We found no evidence that current Mexican immigrants in the US have higher risk for alcohol or alcohol use disorders than Mexicans living in Mexico, but current immigrants were at higher risk for drug use and drug use disorders. Current Mexican immigrants were at lower risk for drug use and drug disorders than US-born Mexican-Americans. US nativity, regardless of parent nativity, is the main factor associated with increasing use of alcohol and drugs. Among families of migrants and among return migrants we found increased risk for alcohol use, drug use and alcohol and drug use disorders. Evidence of selective migration and return of immigrants with disorders was found regarding alcohol use disorders only. Conclusions: Research efforts that combine populations from sending and receiving countries are needed. This effort will require much more complex research designs that will call for true international collaboration. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
A Cross-National Study on Mexico-US Migration, Substance Use and Substance Use Disorders
(2011) Borges, Guilherme; Breslau, Joshua; Orozco, Ricardo; Tancredi, Daniel J.; Anderson, Heather; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Medina Mora, Maria-Elena; National Institute of Psychiatry, Calzada México Xochimilco No 101- Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, México D.F., C.P. 14370, Mexico City, Mexico; guibor@imp.edu.mx
A cross-national study on prevalence of mental disorders, service use, and adequacy of treatment among Mexican and Mexican American populations
(American Public Health Association, 2013) Orozco, Ricardo; Borges, Guilherme; Medina-Mora, Maria Elena; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio
A longitudinal study on the impact of Internet gaming disorder on self-perceived health, academic performance, and social life of first-year college students
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2023) Benjet, Corina; Orozco, Ricardo; Albor, Yesica C.; Contreras, Eunice V.; Monroy-Velasco, Iris R.; Hernández Uribe, Praxedis C.; Báez Mansur, Patricia M.; Covarrubias Díaz Couder, María A.; Quevedo Chávez, Guillermo E.; Gutierrez-García, Raúl A.; Machado, Nydia; Andersson, Claes; Borges, Guilherme; Department of Epidemiology and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico; guibor@imp.edu.mx and guilhermelgborges@gmail.com (Guilherme Borges)
Alcohol and cannabis use in traffic-related injuries in Mexico City
(BMJ Pub. Group, 2023) Borges, Guilherme; Orozco, Ricardo; Center of Global Mental Health, National Institute for Psychiatry Ramon de la Fuente Muniz, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico; guilhermelgborges@gmail.com (Guilherme Borges)
Alcohol and violence in the emergency department: a regional report from the WHO collaborative study on alcohol and injuries
(Dirección General de Evaluación del Desempeño, Secretaría de Salud. Reforma 450, piso 12.col. Juárez. 06600 México DF, México., 2008) Borges, Guilherme; Orozco, Ricardo; Cremonte, Mariana; Buzi-Figlie, Neliana; Cherpitel, Cheryl; Poznyak, Vladimir; Inst Nacl Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente, Direcc Invest Epidemiol & Psicosociales, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico; guibor@imp.edu.mx
Determinar el riesgo relativo (RR) de lesiones no intencionales y relacionadas con la violencia, asociadas al consumo de alcohol en tres Servicios de Urgencia de América Latina (2001-2002). Material y métodos. Se usó un diseño case-crossover en 447 pacientes de Argentina (A), 489 de Brasil (B) y 455 de México (M). Resultados. El 46% de los casos relacionados a la violencia consumieron alcohol (vs. 11.5% de los no-violentos). El riesgo de una lesión relacionada con la violencia se incrementó con el consumo, y tuvo una RM= 15.0, intervalo de confianza al 95% (IC= 5.8-39.1), pero correspondió a 4.2 (IC= 2.7-6.5) para las lesiones nointencionales. Conclusiones. Mayores cantidades de alcohol tienen consecuencias en el riesgo de desencadenar una lesión, especialmente en lesiones relacionadas con la violencia. Los estimadores del RR que se presentan pueden ser usados como nuevas fuentes para estimadores de la carga de la enfermedad asociada al consumo de alcohol.
Alcohol, drugs, and road traffic injuries in an emergency department in Mexico City
(Elsevier, 2023) Borges, Guilherme; Orozco, Ricardo; Hernández-Becerril, Zaide; Ortega, Brenda E.; Flores, Julio; Benitez-King, Gloria; Flores-Alcantar, Guadalupe; Escamilla-Nuñez, Alberto; Scherer, Juliana N.; National Institute of Psychiatry Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico; ric_oz@imp.edu.mx (Ricardo Orozco)
An observational study of the impact of service use on suicidality among adults with mental disorders
(2014) Borges, Guilherme; Orozco, Ricardo; Breslau, Joshua; Miller, Matthew; National Institute of Psychiatry, Calzada México Xochimilco 101, Mexico City, Mexico; ma.miller@neu.edu
An observational study on the impact of service use for mental disorders on suicidality
(Oxford Univ Press INC, Journals Dept, 2001 Evans RD, Cary, NC 27513 USA , 2013) Borges, Guilherme; Orozco, Ricardo; Miller, Mathew; Breslau, Joshua; National Institute of Psychiatry Ramon de la Fuente Muniz, Mexico City, DF, Mexico; guibor@imp.edu.mx
Barriers to treatment for mental disorders in six countries of the Americas: a regional report from the World Mental Health Surveys
(Elsevier, 2022) Orozco, Ricardo; Vigo, Daniel; Benjet, Corina; Borges, Guilherme; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Andrade, Laura H.; Cia, Alfredo; Hwang, Irving; Kessler, Ronald C.; Piazza, Marina; Posada-Villa, José; Rafful, Claudia; Sampson, Nancy; Stagnaro, Juan Carlos; Torres, Yolanda; Viana, María Carmen; Medina-Mora, María-Elena; Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico; ric_oz@imp.edu.mx (R. Orozco)
Body Mass Index and the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Children and Adolescents in Two Mexican Populations
(ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA, 2007) Halley Castillo, Elizabeth; Borges, Guilherme; Talavera, Juan O.; Orozco, Ricardo; Vargas-Alemán, Claudia; Huitrón-Bravo, Gerardo; Díaz-Montiel, Juan Carlos; Castañón, Susana; Salmerón, Jorge; Inst Nacl Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente, Direcc Invest Epidemiol & Psicosociales, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico; guibor@imp.edu.mx
To report the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) among children and adolescents living in central Mexico, and its association with body mass index (BMI). Methods: In a sample of 1366 subjects from 7 to 24-years-old, a self-administered questionnaire was used to determined demographic characteristics. The definition of pediatric MS was determined using analogous criteria to Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) as _ 3 of the following: concentration of triglycerides _ 100 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol _ 45 mg/dL for males and _ 50 mg/dL for females, waist circumference _ 75th percentile (sex specific), glucose concentration _ 110 to _ 126 mg/dL, and systolic or diastolic blood pressure _ 90th percentile (age, height, and sex specific). Results: Most of the sample was in the 10–14- (32.4%) and the 15–19-year (35.4%) age groups, mostly females (57%), and 31% of this young sample was overweight (mean BMI _ 21.6 kg/m2). About 1 in every 5 participants had full criteria for MS (19.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 16.4 –22.1 among females, and 20.2%, 95% CI: 17.1–23.7 among males), and only 1 in every 10 was free of any MS component. The most common component was a low HDL level, observed in 85.4% of the sample. Unfavorable fat distribution, as indicated by a large waist circumference, was present in 27.9% of the sample. About 66% of those 10–14-year-olds with a large BMI were positive for MS. Conclusions: MS and overweight are major problems for youth in Mexico. Immediate and comprehensive actions at home and schools are needed if Mexico wants to avoid the heavy burden that this disorder will have for its population in the near future. © 2007 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved.
Co-occurrence of alcohol, drug use, dsm-5 alcohol use disorder and symptoms of drug use disorder on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2015) Borges, Guilherme; Zemore, Sarah; Orozco, Ricardo; Cherpitel, Cheryl J.; Ye, Yu; Bond, Jason; Carlisle Maxwell, Jane; Wallisch, Lynn; Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales and Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente (Mexico City, CP 14370, Mexico); guibor@imp.edu.mx
Conducta suicida en adolescentes del área metropolitana de la Ciudad de México: Trastornos psiquiátricos y eventos de vida
(Instituto Mexicano de la Juventud, Centro de Investigación y Estudios sobre la Juventud, 2009) Orozco, Ricardo; Borges, Guilherme; Benjet, Corina; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Investigador en Ciencias Médicas, Departamento de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas, Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz
Depressed mood and antisocial behavior problems as correlates for suicide-related behaviors in Mexico
(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND, 2011) Roth, Kimberly B.; Borges, Guilherme; Medina-Mora, María-Elena; Orozco, Ricardo; Oueda, Christiane; Wilcox, Holly C.; Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mental Hlth, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA; kroth@jhsph.edu
Suicide rates in Mexico have been rising steadily for several decades. This study examined the relationship of depressed mood and antisocial behavior problems with thoughts of death, suicide plans and attempts. Data from 22,966 individuals who participated in a population-based nationally-representative survey in Mexico were analyzed. After adjusting for covariates, all odds ratios for thoughts of death and suicidal behaviors were statistically significant in relation to antisocial behavior problems and depressed mood, both moderate and severe. Multiplicative effects of depressed mood and antisocial problems were found, with comorbid individuals showing increased risk of thoughts of death and suicidal plans and attempts, compared to individuals displaying none. Possible explanations, particularly for the multiplicative effect of both mood and problem behaviors on suicide-related behaviors, are discussed in the context of prior findings and directions for future research. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Depression, gender, and the treatment gap in Mexico
(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 2012) Rafful, Claudia; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Borges, Guilherme; Benjet, Corina; Orozco, Ricardo; Inst Nacl Psiquiatria, Dept Invest Epidemiol, Direcc Invest Epidemiol & Psicosociales, Calzada Mexico Xochimilco 101, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico.; medinam@imp.edu.mx
Background: Gender is associated to lifetime risk of mood disorders, women having the highest lifetime and 12-month prevalence. In Mexico one out of five individuals with any mood disorder receives treatment during the first year. We evaluate the ages at which women and men are more vulnerable for the first onset of a major depressive episode, the longest duration and greatest number of episodes, the areas of daily functioning most affected, and which variables predict whether or not a person receives any kind of treatment. Methods: The Mexican National Comorbidity Survey, as part of the World Mental Health Surveys Initiative, is based on a stratified, multistage area probability Mexican urban household sample aged 18 to 65 (n = 5782). Wald X-2 tests were performed to evaluate gender and cohort differences; logistic regression models were performed to evaluate gender and cohort as treatment predictors. Results: The most vulnerable group is the cohort of 45-54 year-old women. Once a first episode occurs, there are no sex differences in terms of number or length of episodes. There is a gap in service use, especially among 18-29 year-old women; the oldest women are the most impaired. Limitations: Individuals from rural communities are not represented and there may have been recall bias due to the retrospective design. Conclusions: Efforts should focus on factors related to the first onset episode and on early treatment programs to reduce the risk of subsequent episodes. Research and health resources should attend to the most vulnerable group, and the youngest women, who are in the reproductive age and have the largest treatment gap. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Diagnostic profiles in adolescence and emerging adulthood: transition patterns and risk factors
(Elsevier, 2023) Torre-Luque, Alejandro de la; Borges, Guilherme; Benjet, Corina; Orozco, Ricardo; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Ayuso-Mateos, Jose Luis; Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; af.delatorre@ucm.es (A. de la Torre-Luque)
Distribución y determinantes sociodemográficos de la conducta suicida en México
(Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, México, D.F. Tel. 4160-5000., 2009) Borges, Guilherme; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Orozco, Ricardo; Ouéda, Christiane; Villatoro, Jorge; Fleiz, Clara; Investigadores de la Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz; guibor@imp.edu.mx
Introducción En las últimas décadas, México ha visto incrementos constantes en la tasa de suicidio consumado, especialmente entre la población joven. La población mexicana de entre 15 y 24 años de edad es hoy día de las más afectadas, con 28% de todos los suicidios en 2007. En este contexto de incremento de la mortalidad por suicidio cobra especial relevancia el estudio de las conductas relacionadas con el suicidio, es decir, la ideación suicida, los planes, los gestos y los intentos de suicidio. Todos éstos son precursores inmediatos de la muerte por suicidio y factores de riesgo independientes de intentos subsecuentes de suicidio y de suicidios consumados. Aun cuando estas conductas no lleven a la muerte, pueden acarrear consecuencias graves y de largo alcance para la salud física, y pueden constituir una importante causa de sufrimiento psicológico para el individuo y sus familiares. Hasta ahora, las investigaciones en nuestro país han enfatizado el conocimiento de la prevalencia y los factores asociados con la conducta suicida alguna vez en la vida. Las prevalencias actuales (últimos 12 meses) son, sin embargo, indispensables para definir el perfil demográfico y las necesidades clínicas de atención, y para elaborar perfiles de riesgo de aplicación inmediata para el clínico tratante de estos sujetos. Objetivos En este trabajo reportamos las prevalencias y el perfil sociodemográfico de las conductas relacionadas con el suicidio en los últimos 12 meses en una muestra representativa de la población nacional. Para hacerlo se utilizó la Encuesta Nacional de Adicciones (ENA) del 2008. Métodos Encuesta transversal de prevalencia que obtuvo datos de una muestra representativa de 22 966 miembros de la población nacional, de edades entre los 12 y 65 años, durante el año de 2008, que contestaron la sección de conductas suicidas. La tasa de no respuesta de la ENA 2008 fue de 77%. Se reportan las prevalencias de los eventos relacionados con el suicidio en los últimos 12 meses por diferentes factores sociodemográficos y económicos. Se reportan modelos de regresión logística múltiple con razones de momios y los intervalos de confianza a 95%, que se han corregido por los efectos del diseño de estudio. Resultados Encontramos una prevalencia de cualquier ideación suicida de 8.79% (con variaciones de 4.2 a 6.2%, dependiendo de la pregunta utilizada). La prevalencia de plan suicida fue de 1.22% y 0.79% de la muestra reportó que intentó suicidarse en los últimos 12 meses. La prevalencia de intentos de suicidio que requirieron atención médica fue de 0.13%. Si utilizamos los ponderadores muestrales para hacer estimaciones hacia los 75 millones de habitantes de la República Mexicana que representa la ENA 2008, tenemos que 6 601 210 mexicanos tuvieron ideación suicida en los últimos 12 meses, 918 363 mexicanos planearon suicidarse, un total de 593 600 personas intentaron suicidarse y 99 731 utilizaron servicios médicos como consecuencia de un intento de suicidio. Encontramos que las mujeres, las personas que no están casadas o en unión libre, las de menor escolaridad, los grupos más jóvenes y los subempleados tienen, en general, riesgos más elevados de presentar conducta suicida. Algunas áreas del país, en particular el sureste, se vieron más afectadas, mientras que las personas que viven en áreas rurales reportaron consistentemente menores prevalencias de las tres conductas suicidas. Conclusión La epidemiología del suicidio consumado en México ha cambiado en las últimas décadas, en un proceso paulatino pero constante. La epidemiología de la conducta suicida actual muestra que el problema ha alcanzado ya dimensiones similares a otros países tradicionalmente afectados. México necesita dedicar ya mayores esfuerzos a la detección, tratamiento y prevención de estas conductas para evitar futuros incrementos en la conducta suicida y en sus consecuencias.
Dropout from treatment for mental disorders in six countries of the Americas: a regional report from the World Mental Health Surveys
(Elsevier, 2022) Benjet, Corina; Borges, Guilherme; Orozco, Ricardo; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Andrade, Laura H.; Cia, Alfredo; Hwang, Irving; Kessler, Ronald C.; Piazza, Marina; Posada-Villa, José; Sampson, Nancy; Stagnaro, Juan Carlos; Torres, Yolanda; Viana, María Carmen; Vigo, Daniel; Medina-Mora, María-Elena; Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico; cbenjet@imp.edu.mx (C. Benjet)
Drug use opportunities and the transition to drug use among adolescents from the Mexico City metropolitan area
(ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD, ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND, 2007) Benjet, Corina; Borges, Guilherme; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Blanco, Jerónimo; Zambrano, Joaquín; Orozco, Ricardo; Fleiz, Clara; Rojas, Estela; Inst Nacl Psiquiatria, Dept Invest Epidemiol, Direcc Invest Epidemiol & Psicosociales, Calzada Mexico Xochimilco 101, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico.; cbenjet@imp.edu.mx