Browsing by Author "Méndez, Enrique"

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Adolescent alcohol use and alcohol use disorders in Mexico City
(2014) Benjet, Corina; Borges, Guilherme; Méndez, Enrique; Casanova, Leticia; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Department of Epidemiological and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramon de la Fuente; cbenjet@imp.edu.mx
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence, sex, age distribution, and socio-demographic correlates of any alcohol use, consumption patterns, and any alcohol use disorder in a representative sample of Mexican adolescents. METHODS: 3005 youth (52.1% female) aged 12-17 from a stratified multistage area probability sample were representative of adolescents residing in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area. Alcohol use and disorder and their socio-demographic correlates were evaluated with the World Mental Health adolescent version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Data were post-stratified to the total Mexico City adolescent population. RESULTS: 59% has used alcohol, this proportion increasing significantly with age. By age 17, 82.5% has used alcohol. Consumption patterns are mostly of low/moderate quantity or infrequent high quantity. Lifetime DSM-IV alcohol use disorder criteria are met by 3.8%, reaching 8.1% for 16-17 years-olds. While males have greater frequency and quantity of drinking, there are no gender differences for alcohol use disorders. Non-school attending youth have twice the odds of a lifetime (OR=2.0, 95% CI=1.13-3.53) and 12-month disorder (OR=2.1, 95% CI=1.10-4.15). Low parental monitoring is associated with 1.72 times the odds of a lifetime disorder (95% CI=1.10-2.68). CONCLUSIONS: Over a third of 12 year-olds had ever drunk an alcoholic beverage in their lifetime suggesting that the prevention of alcohol use and disorders must begin in late childhood. Initiatives to foment parental monitoring and to prevent, identify, and treat alcohol use problems in non-school attending youth in particular should be a priority for the wellbeing of Mexico City adolescents.
Chronic childhood adversity and stages of substance use involvement in adolescents
(ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD, ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND, 2013) Benjet, Corina; Borges, Guilherme; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Méndez, Enrique; Natl Inst Psychiat Ramon de la Fuente, Calzada Mexico Xochimilco 101, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico.; cbenjet@imp.edu.mx
Depression polygenic scores are associated with major depressive disorder diagnosis and depressive episode in Mexican adolescents
(Elsevier, 2020) Rabinowitz, Jill A.; Campos, Adrian I.; Benjet, Corina; Su, Jinni; Macias-Kauffer, Luis; Méndez, Enrique; Martínez-Levy, Gabriela A.; Cruz-Fuentes, Carlos S.; Rentería, Miguel E.; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.; miguel.renteria@qimrberghofer.edu.au (Miguel E. Rentería), cruz@imp.edu.mx (Carlos S. Cruz-Fuentes)
Descriptive Epidemiology of Chronic Childhood Adversity in Mexican Adolescents
(Elsevier Science Inc, 360 Park Ave South, New York, NY 10010-1710 USA, 2009) Benjet, Corina; Borges, Guilherme; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Zambrano, Joaquín; Cruz, Carlos; Méndez, Enrique; Inst Nacl Psiquiatria, Dept Invest Epidemiol, Direcc Invest Epidemiol & Psicosociales, Calzada Mexico Xochimilco 101, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico.; cbenjet@imp.edu.mx
Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of adversity (neglect and abuse, parental loss, parental psychopathology, economic adversity, and serious physical illness), the interrelatedness of adversities, and their socio-demographic correlates. Methods: This is a multistage probability survey of 3005 adolescents aged 12-17 years residing in Mexico City. Youth were administered the computer-assisted adolescent version of the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview in their homes. The childhood and posttraumatic stress disorder sections provided information regarding adversity. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed considering the multistage and weighted sample design. Results: A total of 68% of adolescents have experienced at least one type of chronic childhood adversity, whereas almost 7% have experienced four of more. The most frequent adversity is economic adversity followed by witnessing domestic violence. Boys experience more neglect than girls, and girls experience more sexual abuse than boys. Family dysfunction adversities tend to clump together such that youth exposed to abuse of any form also report witnessing domestic violence and parental mental pathology. Youth whose parents have divorced are likely to experience economic adversity. Parental death is independent of experiencing other childhood adversities. Older adolescents, school drop-outs, those with young mothers, those with more siblings, and those whose parents have less education are more likely to experience adversity. Conclusions: Although most adolescents have experienced some adversity, a small group is exposed to many adversities. Understanding the distribution of adversities may help us to identify at-risk youth and to better interpret the findings from studies on the role of adversity in diverse health outcomes. (C) 2009 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved.
Diferencias de sexo en la prevalencia y severidad de trastornos psiquiátricos en adolescentes de la Ciudad de México
(Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, México, D.F. Tel. 4160-5000., 2009) Benjet, Corina; Borges, Guilherme; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Méndez, Enrique; Fleiz, Clara; Rojas, Estela; Cruz, Carlos; Investigadores de la Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente.; cbenjet@imp.edu.mx
Introducción El presente trabajo proporciona datos de la Encuesta Mexicana de Salud Mental Adolescente y tiene el objetivo de estimar las diferencias por sexo de la prevalencia y la severidad en los últimos 12 meses para 17 trastornos psiquiátricos en adolescentes de la Ciudad de México y área metropolitana así como las edades de inicio de dichos trastornos. Material y métodos El diseño de la muestra fue probabilístico y multietápico, ésta estuvo compuesta por adolescentes entre los 12 y 17 años, residentes del Distrito Federal y área metropolitana. Para ello, se entrevistó a 3005 adolescentes en sus hogares, con una tasa de respuesta de 71% y se utilizó como instrumento diagnóstico la Entrevista Internacional Diagnóstica Compuesta (WMH-CIDI-A 3.0) aplicada cara a cara, por medio de una computadora portátil, por encuestadores capacitados en los hogares de los participantes. Resultados Los trastornos individuales más frecuentes en ambos sexos fueron las fobias específicas y la fobia social. Para las mujeres, los trastornos más prevalentes en orden decreciente fueron las fobias, la depresión mayor, el trastorno negativista desafiante, la agorafobia sin pánico y la ansiedad por separación. Mientras que en los varones, los trastornos más prevalentes después de las fobias fueron: el trastorno negativista desafiante, el abuso de alcohol y el trastorno disocial. Las mujeres presentaron un mayor número de trastornos y una mayor prevalencia de cualquier trastorno. Los padecimientos con mayor proporción de gravedad fueron los trastornos de ánimo y en menor proporción los trastornos ansiosos. Este patrón fue similar para hombres y mujeres, sin embargo existen diferencias en la proporción de casos graves entre ambos ya que las mujeres tuvieron una mayor proporción de casos de este tipo. Los trastornos que se presentaron en edades de inicio más tempranas fueron los trastornos de ansiedad, seguidos por los trastornos de impulsividad y los trastornos de ánimo. Además los trastornos que se presentaron en edades más tardías fueron los trastornos por uso de sustancias. Las edades de inicio para los trastornos de ansiedad, ánimo y por uso de sustancias son similares entre los sexos, a diferencia de los trastornos de impulsividad en los cuales los hombres tienen edades de inicio más tempranas que las mujeres. Discusión La mayor prevalencia general y severidad de trastornos psiquiátricos en las mujeres comparadas con los varones sugiere que la adolescencia podría ser un periodo de mayor vulnerabilidad para aquellas. Hay teorías biológicas y psicosociales que pretenden explicar la mayor vulnerabilidad de las niñas en la etapa adolescente, entre ellas la teoría de la intensificación del rol de género, la exposición a mayor adversidad y la mayor reactividad del eje hipotálamo-pituitario-adrenal ante el estrés. Los hallazgos de este estudio son relevantes para la práctica clínica así como para la vigilancia epidemiológica en nuestra población ya que sirven para la planificación de servicios y políticas públicas de salud y educación.
Eight‑year incidence of psychiatric disorders and service use from adolescence to early adulthood: longitudinal follow‑up of the Mexican Adolescent Mental Health Survey
(2016) Benjet, Corina; Borges, Guilherme; Méndez, Enrique; Albor, Yesica; Casanova, Leticia; Orozco, Ricardo; Curiel, Teresa; Fleiz, Clara; Medina‑Mora, María Elena; Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente, Calzada México‑Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, México, DF 14370, México; cbenjet@imp.edu.mx
Epidemiología de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en una muestra representativa de adolescentes
(Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, México, D.F. Tel. 4160-5000., 2012) Benjet, Corina; Méndez, Enrique; Borges, Guilherme; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz.; cbenjet@imp.edu.mx
Objetivos. El presente trabajo tiene el objetivo de estimar la prevalencia de anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa y el trastorno por atracones en la población general de adolescentes del Distrito Federal. Asimismo se pretende proporcionar una descripción de las características socio-demográficas y clínicas de los jóvenes que cumplen criterios diagnósticos según el DSM-IV para estos trastornos, la proporción de discapacidad, comorbilidad psiquiátrica y conducta suicida para cada trastorno y estimar la utilización de servicios. Material y métodos. Los datos provienen de la Encuesta Mexicana de Salud Mental Adolescente, una encuesta con diseño probabilístico y multietápico representativa de adolescentes entre los 12 y 17 años, residentes del Distrito Federal y área conurbada. Se entrevistó a 3005 adolescentes en sus hogares utilizando como instrumento diagnóstico la Entrevista Internacional Diagnóstica Compuesta (WMH-CIDI-A), aplicada cara a cara, por medio de una computadora portátil, por encuestadores capacitados. La tasa de respuesta fue de 71%. Resultados. La prevalencia alguna vez de anorexia, bulimia y el trastorno por atracones se estima en 0.5%, 1.0% y 1.4%, respectivamente. Entre 83 y 100% reportan discapacidad y todos aquellos con anorexia y casi la mitad de aquellos con bulimia y atracones reportan discapacidad grave. Sin embargo, ni una cuarta parte con uno de estos trastornos ha recibido tratamiento a pesar de la discapacidad que generan. Hay mayor prevalencia de trastornos comórbidos, conducta suicida y adversidades psicosociales en jóvenes con trastornos alimentarios que en aquellos sin ellos. Conclusiones. Los hallazgos muestran una brecha entre las necesidades de atención y el tratamiento para estos trastornos en nuestra población adolescente. Señalan la importancia de programas para la prevención de conductas alimentarias riesgosas, la detección temprana con un enfoque en grupos vulnerables (por ejemplo quienes han sufrido alguna adversidad como abuso sexual), y la reducción de barreras para la búsqueda y utilización de servicios.
Epidemiology of Fears and Specific Phobia in Adolescence: Results From the Mexican Adolescent Mental Health Survey
(PHYSICIANS POSTGRADUATE PRESS, P O BOX 752870, MEMPHIS, TN 38175-2870 USA, 2012) Benjet, Corina; Borges, Guilherme; Stein, Dan J.; Méndez, Enrique; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Inst Nacl Psiquiatria, Dept Invest Epidemiol, Direcc Invest Epidemiol & Psicosociales, Calzada Mexico Xochimilco 101, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico.; cbenjet@imp.edu.mx
Background: Specific phobia is among the most common disorders in the general adolescent population, but also among the least studied. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of specific fears among adolescents, the proportion of those with fears who meet criteria for specific phobia, and the proportion who recognize their fears as excessive and to identify comorbidity with other disorders and factors associated with severity and treatment. Method: 3,005 youth aged 12 to 17 years participated in the Mexican Adolescent Mental Health Survey, a stratified multistage probability sample representative of adolescents living in Mexico City in 2005. Fears, specific phobia, and 20 other DSM-IV psychiatric disorders were evaluated with the adolescent computerized version of the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview, administered by trained lay interviewers in the participants' homes. Descriptive, logistic regression, and discrete-time survival analyses were employed. Results: Most adolescents reported at least 1 fear (76.5%); 36.5% of those met lifetime criteria for specific phobia, and 27.3% met criteria in the prior 12 months. Blood-injection-injury and animal fears were the most common types. Females were more likely to report any fear, to have more fear types, and to meet diagnostic criteria. Increased numbers of fears were associated with increased odds of meeting specific phobia criteria and with increased impairment. Among teens with specific phobia, 71.3% recognized their fear as excessive, 9.7% to 12.3% reported severe impairment, and only 6.5% had received treatment. Severity of impairment and comorbid disorders were associated with treatment seeking. Conclusions: The large percentage of adolescents meeting diagnostic criteria coupled with the low proportion with serious impairment suggests that current diagnostic thresholds may be too low or not developmentally sensitive. Future research should address the nature of impairment for adolescents with specific phobia. Early detection and timely treatment are important given that specific phobia is persistent and highly comorbid and that few individuals seek treatment. J Clin Psychiatry 2012;73(2):152-158 (C) Copyright 2012 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.
How mental health interviews conducted alone, in the presence of an adult, a child or both affects adolescents’ reporting of psychological symptoms and risky behaviors
(Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2016) Herrera, Aubrey V; Benjet, Corina; Méndez, Enrique; Casanova, Leticia; Medina-Mora, Maria Elena; Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14400 México, D.F., Mexico; cbenjet@imp.edu.mx
Prevalence of 12-month mental and substance use disorders in sexual minority college students in Mexico
(Springer, 2021) Rentería, Roberto; Benjet, Corina; Gutiérrez-García, Raúl A.; Abrego-Ramírez, Adrián; Albor, Yesica; Borges, Guilherme; Covarrubias Díaz-Couder, María Anabell; Durán, María Del Socorro; González-González, Rogaciano; Guzmán Saldaña, Rebeca; Hermosillo De la Torre, Alicia E.; Martínez-Jerez, Ana María; Martinez Martinez, Kalina I.; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Martínez Ruiz, Sinead; Paz Pérez, María Abigail; Pérez Tarango, Gustavo; Zavala Berbena, María Alicia; Méndez, Enrique; Auerbach, Randy P.; Mortier, Philippe; Counseling & Counseling Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA; cbenjet@imp.edu.mx
Suicide thought and behaviors, non-suicidal self-injury, and perceived life stress among sexual minority Mexican college students
(Elsevier, 2021) Rentería, Roberto; Benjet, Corina; Gutierrez-Garcia, Raúl A.; Ábrego Ramírez, Adrián; Albor, Yesica; Borges, Guilherme; Covarrubias Díaz Couder, María Anabell; Martínez-Jerez, María Del; González González, Rogaciano; Guzmán Saldaña, Rebeca; Hermosillo De la Torre, Alicia E.; Martínez-Jerez, Ana María; Martínez-Jerez, Kalina I.; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Martínez Ruiz, Sinead; Paz Pérez, María Abigail; Pérez Tarango, Gustavo; Zavala Bernabe, María Alicia; Méndez, Enrique; Auerbach, Randy P.; Mortier, Philippe; Counseling & Counseling Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America; cbenjet@imp.edu.mx (C. Benjet)
The association of chronic adversity with psychiatric disorder and disorder severity in adolescents
(SPRINGER, 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA, 2011) Benjet, Corina; Borges, Guilherme; Méndez, Enrique; Fleiz, Clara; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Inst Nacl Psiquiatria, Dept Invest Epidemiol, Direcc Invest Epidemiol & Psicosociales, Calzada Mexico Xochimilco 101, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico.; cbenjet@imp.edu.mx
Youth who neither study nor work: Mental health, education and employment
(INST NACIONAL SALUD PUBLICA, AV UNIVERSIDAD 655, COL SANTA MARIA AHUACATITLAN, CUERNAVACA 62508, MORELOS, MEXICO, 2012) Benjet, Corina; Hernández-Montoya, Dewi; Borges, Guilherme; Méndez, Enrique; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Inst Nacl Psiquiatria, Dept Invest Epidemiol, Direcc Invest Epidemiol & Psicosociales, Calzada Mexico Xochimilco 101, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico.; cbenjet@imp.edu.mx
Objective. Limited educational and job opportunities for youth has led to a phenomenon termed NEET (not in education, employment or training). The objective is to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders, substance use and suicidal behavior in youth classified as NEET and to compare with those who study only, work only or do both. Material and Methods. 3 005 12-to-17 year-olds in Mexico City were evaluated in 2005 with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses considered the multistage weighted sample design. Results. NEET youth as well as those who work only or study and work simultaneously have greater odds of psychiatric disorder, substance use and suicidal behavior compared to those who study exclusively even after controlling for social disadvantage. Conclusion. Vulnerability is not circumscribed to NEET adolescents, but to all teens who are not exclusive students. Supporting youth to continue studying exclusively may buffer negative mental health outcomes.