Browsing by Author "Karam, Elie"

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    Common chronic pain conditions in developed and developing countries: Gender and age differences and comorbidity with depression-anxiety disorders.
    (CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE, JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND, 2008) Tsang, Adley; Von Korff, Michael; Lee, Sing; Alonso, Jordi; Karam, Elie; Angermeyer, Matthias C.; Borges, Guilherme Luiz Guimaraes; Bromet, Evelyn J.; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Gureje, Oye; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Haro, Josep Maria; Levinson, Daphna; Oakley Browne, Mark A.; Posada-Villa, José; Seedat, Soraya; Watanabe, Makoto; Hong Kong Mood Disorders Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, Hong Kong, PRC.; guibor@imp.edu.mx
    Although there is a growing body of research concerning the prevalence and correlates of chronic pain conditions and their association with mental disorders, cross-national research on age and gender differences is limited. The present study reports the prevalence by age and gender of common chronic pain conditions (headache, back or neck pain, arthritis or joint pain, and other chronic pain) in 10 developed and 7 developing countries and their association with the spectrum of both depressive and anxiety disorders. It draws on data from 18 general adult population surveys using a common survey questionnaire (N _ 42,249). Results show that age-standardized prevalence of chronic pain conditions in the previous 12 months was 37.3% in developed countries and 41.1% in developing countries, with back pain and headache being somewhat more common in developing than developed countries. After controlling for comorbid chronic physical diseases, several findings were consistent across developing and developed countries. There was a higher prevalence of chronic pain conditions among females and older persons; and chronic pain was similarly associated with depression-anxiety spectrum disorders in developed and developing countries. However, the large majority of persons reporting chronic pain did not meet criteria for depression or anxiety disorder. We conclude that common pain conditions affect a large percentage of persons in both developed and developing countries.
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    Cross-national prevalence and risk factors for suicidal ideation, plans and attempts
    (ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS, BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 17 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON SW1X 8PG, ENGLAND, 2008) Nock, Matthew K.; Borges, Guilherme; Bromet, Evelyn J.; Alonso, Jordi; Angermeyer, Matthias; Beautrais, Annette; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Chiu, Wai Tat; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Gluzman, Semyon; De Graaf, Ron; Gureje, Oye; Haro, Josep Maria; Huang, Yueqin; Karam, Elie; Kessler, Ronald C.; Lepine, Jean Pierre; Levinson, Daphna; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Ono, Yutaka; Posada-Villa, José; Williams, David; Harvard Univ, Dept Psychol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; nock@wjh.harvard.edu
    Background: Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide; however, the prevalence and risk factors for the immediate precursors to suicide - suicidal ideation, plans and attempts - are not well-known, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Aims: To report on the prevalence and risk factors for suicidal behaviours across 17 countries. Method: A total of 84850 adults were interviewed regarding suicidal behaviours and socio-demographic and psychiatric risk factors. Results: The cross-national lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts is 9.2% (s.e.=0.1), 3.1% (s.e.=0.1), and 2.7% (s.e.=0.1). Across all countries, 60% of transitions from ideation to plan and attempt occur within the first year after ideation onset. Consistent cross-national risk factors included being female, younger, less educated, unmarried and having a mental disorder. interestingly, the strongest diagnostic risk factors were mood disorders in high-income countries but impulse control disorders in low- and middle-income countries. Conclusion: There is cross-national variability in the prevalence of suicidal behaviours, but strong consistency in the characteristics and risk factors for these behaviours. These findings have significant implications for the prediction and prevention of suicidal behaviours. Declaration of interests: None. Funding detailed in Acknowledgements.
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    Disability and treatment of specific mental and physical disorders across the world
    (ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS, BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 17 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON SW1X 8PG, ENGLAND, 2008) Ormel, Johan; Petukhova, María; Chatterji, Somnath; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Alonso, Jordi; Angermeyer, Matthias C.; Bromet, Evelyn J.; Burger, Huibert; Demyttenaere, Koen; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Maria Haro, Josep; Hwang, Irving; Karam, Elie; Kawakami, Norito; Lepine, Jean Pierre; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Posada-Villa, José; Sampson, Nancy; Scott, Kate; Uestuen, T. Bedirhan; Von Korff, Michael; Williams, David R.; Zhang, Mingyuan; Kessler, Ronald C.; Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 USA; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
    Background: Advocates of expanded mental health treatment assert that mental disorders are as disabling as physical disorders, but little evidence supports this assertion. Aims: To establish the disability and treatment of specific mental and physical disorders in high-income and low- and middle-income countries. Method: Community epidemiological surveys were administered in 15 countries through the World Health organization World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative. Results: Respondents in both high-income and low- and middle-income countries attributed higher disability to mental disorders than to the commonly occurring physical disorders included in the surveys. This pattern held for all disorders and also for treated disorders. Disaggregation showed that the higher disability of mental than physical disorders was limited to disability in social and personal role functioning, whereas disability in productive role functioning was generally comparable for mental and physical disorders. Conclusions: Despite often higher disability, mental disorders are under-treated compared with physical disorders in both high-income and in low- and middle-income countries.
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    Mental disorders among adults with asthma: results from the World Mental Health Surveys
    (New York, Elsevier/North-Holland, 2007) Scott, Kate M; Von Korff, Michae; Ormel, Johan; Zhang, Ming-yuan; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Alonso, Jordi; Kessler, Ronald C; Tachimori, Hisateru; Karam, Elie; Levinson, Daphna; Bromet, Evelyn J.; Posada-Villa, José; Gasquet, Isabelle; Angermeyer, Matthias C.; Borges, Guilherme; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Herman, Allen; Haro, Josep Maria; Department of Psychological Medicine, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, New Zealand; kate.scott@otago.ac.nz
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    Mental disorders among persons with heart disease - results from World Mental Health Surveys
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA, 2007) Ormel, Johan; Von Korff, Michael; Burger, Huibert; Scott, Kate; Demyttenaere, Koen; Huang, Yue-qin; Posada-Villa, José; Lepine, Jean Pierre; Angermeyer, Matthias C.; Levinson, Daphna; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Kawakami, Norito; Karam, Elie; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Gureje, Oye; Williams, David; Haro, Josep Maria; Bromet, Evelyn J.; Alonso, Jordi; Kessler, Ron; Univ Groningen, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, NL-9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands; j.ormel@med.umcg.nl
    Objectives: While depression and heart disease often co-occur in Western countries, less is known about the association of anxiety and alcohol use disorders with heart disease and about the cross-cultural consistency of this association. Consistency across emotional disorders and cultures would suggest that relatively universal mechanisms underlie the association. Methods: Surveys with 18 random population samples of household-residing adults in 17 countries in Europe, the Americas, the Middle East, Africa, Asia and the South Pacific were carried out. Medically recognized heart disease was ascertained by self-report. Mental disorders were assessed with the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview, a fully structured diagnostic interview. Results: Specific mood and anxiety disorders occurred among persons with heart disease at rates higher than those among persons without heart disease. Adjusted for sex and age, the pooled odds ratios (95% confidence interval) were 2.1 (1.9-2.5) for mood disorders, 2.2 (1.92.5) for anxiety disorders and 1.4 (1.0-1.9) for alcohol abuse/dependence among persons with versus those without heart disease. These patterns were similar across countries. Conclusions: An excess of anxiety disorders and that of mood disorders are found among persons with heart disease. These associations hold true across countries despite substantial between-country differences in culture and mental disorder prevalence rates. These results suggest that similar mechanisms underlie the association and that a broad spectrum of mood-anxiety disorders should be considered in research on the comorbidity of mental disorders and heart disease. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.