Browsing by Author "Demyttenaere, Koen"

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A comparison of DSM-5 and DSM-IV agoraphobia in the World Mental Health Surveys
(Wiley, 2019) Roest, Annelieke M.; Vries, Ymkje Anna de; Lim, Carmen C.W.; Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich; Stein, Dan J.; Adamowski, Tomasz; Al-Hamzawi, Ali; Bromet, Evelyn J.; Viana, Maria Carmen; Girolamo, Giovanni de; Demyttenaere, Koen; Florescu, Silvia; Gureje, Oye; Haro, Josep Maria; Hu, Chiyi; Karam, Elie G.; Caldas-de-Almeida, José Miguel; Kawakami, Norito; Lépine, Jean Pierre; Levinson, Daphna; Medina-Mora, María E.; Navarro-Mateu, Fernando; O’Neill, Siobhan; Piazza, Marina; Posada-Villa, José A.; Slade, Tim; Torres, Yolanda; Kessler, Ronald C.; Scott, Kate M.; Jonge, Peter de; WHO World Mental Health Survey Collaborators; Benjet, Corina; Borges, Guilherme; Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; a.m.roest@rug.nl
Age differences in the prevalence and comorbidity of DSM-IV major depressive episodes: Results from the WHO World Mental Health Survey Initiative
(2010) Kessler, Ronald C.; Birnbaum, Howard; Shahly, Victoria; Bromet, Evelyn; Hwang, Irving; McLaughlin, Katie A.; Sampson, Nancy; Andrade, Laura Helena; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Demyttenaere, Koen; Haro, Josep Maria; Karam, Aimee N.; Kostyuchenko, Stanislav; Kovess, Viviane; Lara, Carmen; Levinson, Daphna; Matschinger, Herbert; Nakane, Yoshibumi; Oakley Browne, Mark; Ormel, Johan; Posada-Villa, Jose; Sagar, Rajesh; Stein, Dan J.; Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
Alcohol abuse in developed and developing countries in the World Mental Health Surveys: Socially defined consequences or psychiatric disorder?
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2014) Glantz, Meyer D.; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Petukhova, Maria; Andrade, Laura Helena; Anthony, James C.; Girolamo, Giovanni de; Graaf, Ron de; Degenhardt, Louisa; Demyttenaere, Koen; Florescu, Silvia; Gureje, Oye; Haro, Josep Maria; Horiguchi, Itsuko; Karam, Elie G.; Kostyuchenko, Stanislav; Lee, Sing; Lépine, Jeaía-Pierre; Matschinger, Herbert; Neumark, Yehuda; Posada-Villa, Jose; Sagar, Rajesh; Stein, Dan J.; Tomov, Toma; Wells, J Elisabeth; Chatterji, Somnath; Kessler, Ronald C.; Division of Epidemiology, Services, and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
Alcohol abuse in developed and developing countries in the World Mental Health Surveys: socially defined consequences or psychiatric disorder?
(2014) Glantz, Meyer D.; Medina‐Mora, Maria Elena; Petukhova, Maria; Andrade, Laura Helena; Anthony, James C.; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Degenhardt, Louisa; Demyttenaere, Koen; Florescu, Silvia; Gureje, Oye; FRCPsych; Haro, Josep Maria; Horiguchi, Itsuko; Karam, Elie G.; Kostyuchenko, Stanislav; Lee, Sing; Lépine, Jean‐Pierre; Matschinger, Herbert; Neumark, Yehuda; Posada‐Villa, Jose; Sagar, Rajesh; Stein, Dan J.; Tomov, Toma; Wells, J. Elisabeth; Chatterji, Somnath; Kessler, Ronald C.; Division of Epidemiology, Services, and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
Association of cohort and individual substance use with risk of transitioning to drug use, drug use disorder, and remission from disorder findings from the World Mental Health Surveys
(American Medical Association, 2019) Degenhardt, Louisa; Bharat, Chrianna; Glantz, Meyer D.; Sampson, Nancy A.; Al-Hamzawi, Ali; Alonso, Jordi; Andrade, Laura H.; Bunting, Brendan; Cia, Alfredo; Girolamo, Giovanni de; Jonge, Peter De; Demyttenaere, Koen; Gureje, Oye; Haro, Josep Maria; Harris, Meredith G.; He, Yanling; Hinkov, Hristo; Karam, Aimee Nasser; Karam, Elie G.; Kiejna, Andrzej; Kovess-Masfety, Viviane; Lasebikan, Victor; Lee, Sing; Levinson, Daphna; Medina-Mora, Maria Elena; Mneimneh, Zeina; Navarro-Mateu, Fernando; Piazza, Marina; Posada-Villa, José; Scott, Kate; Stein, Dan J.; Tachimori, Hisateru; Tintle, Nathan; Torres, Yolanda; Kessler, Ronald C.; WHO World Mental Health Survey Collaborators; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.; l.degenhardt@unsw.edu.au
Association of headache with childhood adversity and mental disorder: cross-national study
(Royal College of Psychiatrists, British Journal of Psychiatry 17 Belgrave Square, London Swix 8PG, England, 2009) Lee, Sing; Tsang, Adley; Von Korff, Michael; De Graaf, Ron; Benjet, Corina; Haro, Josep Maria; Angermeyer, Matthias; Demyttenaere, Koen; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Gasquet, Isabelle; Merikangas, Kathleen; Posada-Villa, José; Takeshima, Tadashi; Kessler, Ronald C.; Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Psychiat, Hong Kong Mood Disorders Ctr, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China; singlee@cuhk.edu.hk
Background: Community studies about the association of headache with both childhood family adversities and depression/anxiety disorders are limited. Aims: To assess the independent and joint associations of childhood family adversities and early-onset depression and anxiety disorders with risks of adult-onset headache. Method: Data were pooled from cross-sectional community surveys conducted in ten Latin and North American, European and Asian countries (n-18303) by using standardised instruments. Headache and a range of childhood family adversities were assessed by self-report. Results: The number of childhood family adversities was associated with adult-onset headache after adjusting for gender, age, country and early-onset depression/anxiety disorder status (for one adversity, hazard ratio (HR)=1.22-1.6; for two adversities, HR=11.19-1.67; for three or more adversities, HR=1.37-1.95). Early and Current onset of depression/anxiety disorders were independently associated (HR=1.42-1.89) with adult onset headache after controlling for number of childhood family adversities. Conclusions: The findings call for a broad developmental perspective concerning risk factors for development of headache.
Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys
(Royal College of Psychiatrists, British Journal of Psychiatry 17 Belgrave Square, London SW1X 8PG, England, 2010) Kessler, Ronald C.; McLaughlin, Katie A.; Green, Jennifer Greif; Gruber, Michael J.; Sampson, Nancy A.; Zaslavsky, Alan M.; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Alhamzawi, Ali Obaid; Alonso, Jordi; Angermeyer, Matthias; Benjet, Corina; Bromet, Evelyn; Chatterji, Somnath; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Demyttenaere, Koen; Fayyad, John; Florescu, Silvia; Gal, Gilad; Gureje, Oye; Maria Haro, Josep; Hu, Chi-yi; Karam, Elie G.; Kawakami, Norito; Lee, Sing; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Ormel, Johan; Posada-Villa, José; Sagar, Rajesh; Tsang, Adley; Uestuen, T. Bedirhan; Vassilev, Svetlozar; Viana, María Carmen; Williams, David R.; Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 USA; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
Background: Although significant associations of childhood adversities with adult mental disorders are widely documented, most studies focus on single childhood adversities predicting single disorders. Aims: To examine joint associations of 12 childhood adversities with first onset of 20 DSM-IV disorders in World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys in 21 countries. Method: Nationally or regionally representative surveys of 51 945 adults assessed childhood adversities and lifetime DSM-IV disorders with the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Results: Childhood adversities were highly prevalent and interrelated. Childhood adversities associated with maladaptive family functioning (e.g. parental mental illness, child abuse, neglect) were the strongest predictors of disorders. Co-occurring childhood adversities associated with maladaptive family functioning had significant subadditive predictive associations and little specificity across disorders. Childhood adversities account for 29.8% of all disorders across countries. Conclusions: Childhood adversities have strong associations with all classes of disorders at all life-course stages in all groups of WMH countries. Long-term associations imply the existence of as-yet undetermined mediators.
Childhood adversities as risk factors for onset and persistence of suicidal behaviour
(2010) Bruffaerts, Ronny; Demyttenaere, Koen; Borges, Guilherme; Haro, Josep Maria; Chiu, Wai Tat; Hwang, Irving; Karam, Elie G.; Kessler, Ronald C.; Sampson, Nancy; Alonso, Jordi; Andrade, Laura Helena; Angermeyer, Matthias; Benjet, Corina; Bromet, Evelyn; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Florescu, Silvia; Gureje, Oye; Horiguchi, Itsuko; Hu, Chiyi; Kovess, Viviane; Levinson, Daphna; Posada-Villa, Jose; Sagar, Rajesh; Scott, Kate; Tsang, Adley; Vassilev, Svetlozar M.; Williams, David R.; Nock, Matthew K.; permissions@rcpsych.ac.uk
Childhood adversities as risk factors for onset and persistence of suicidal behaviour
(ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS, BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 17 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON SW1X 8PG, ENGLAND, 2010) Bruffaerts, Ronny; Demyttenaere, Koen; Borges, Guilherme; Maria Haro, Josep; Chiu, Wai Tat; Hwang, Irving; Karam, Elie G.; Kessler, Ronald C.; Sampson, Nancy; Alonso, Jordi; Andrade, Laura Helena; Angermeyer, Matthias; Benjet, Corina; Bromet, Evelyn; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Florescu, Silvia; Gureje, Oye; Horiguchi, Itsuko; Hu, Chiyi; Kovess, Viviane; Levinson, Daphna; Posada-Villa, José; Sagar, Rajesh; Scott, Kate; Tsang, Adley; Vassilev, Svetlozar M.; Williams, David R.; Nock, Matthew K.; Univ Hosp Gasthuisberg, Dept Psychiat, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium; ronny.bruffaerts@med.kuleuven.be
Background: Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, but the precise effect of childhood adversities as risk factors for the onset and persistence of suicidal behaviour (suicide ideation, plans and attempts) are not well understood. Aims: To examine the associations between childhood adversities as risk factors for the onset and persistence of suicidal behaviour across 21 countries worldwide. Method: Respondents from nationally representative samples (n = 55 299) were interviewed regarding childhood adversities that occurred before the age of 18 years and lifetime suicidal behaviour. Results: Childhood adversities were associated with an increased risk of suicide attempt and ideation in both bivariate and multivariate models (odds ratio range 1.2-5.7). The risk increased with the number of adversities experienced, but at a decreasing rate. Sexual and physical abuse were consistently the strongest risk factors for both the onset and persistence of suicidal behaviour, especially during adolescence. Associations remained similar after additional adjustment for respondents' lifetime mental disorder status. Conclusions: Childhood adversities (especially intrusive or aggressive adversities) are powerful predictors of the onset and persistence of suicidal behaviours.
Cross-National Associations Between Gender and Mental Disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys
(Amer Medical Assoc, 515 N State ST, Chicago, IL 60610-0946 USA, 2009) Seedat, Soraya; Scott, Kate Margaret; Angermeyer, Matthias C.; Berglund, Patricia; Bromet, Evelyn J.; Brugha, Traolach S.; Demyttenaere, Koen; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Maria Haro, Josep; Jin, Robert; Karam, Elie G.; Kovess-Masfety, Viviane; Levinson, Daphna; Medina Mora, María Elena; Ono, Yutaka; Ormel, Johan; Pennell, Beth-Ellen; Posada-Villa, José; Sampson, Nancy A.; Williams, David; Kessler, Ronald C.; Harvard Univ, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
Context: Gender differences in mental disorders, including more anxiety and mood disorders among women and more externalizing disorders among men, are found consistently in epidemiological surveys. The gender roles hypothesis suggests that these differences narrow as the roles of women and men become more equal. Objectives: To study time-space (cohort-country) variation in gender differences in lifetime DSM-IV mental disorders across cohorts in 15 countries in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey Initiative and to determine if this variation is significantly related to time-space variation in female gender role traditionality as measured by aggregate patterns of female education, employment, marital timing, and use of birth control. Design: Face-to-face household surveys. Setting: Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and the Pacific. Participants: Community-dwelling adults (N=72 933). Main Outcome Measures: The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview assessed lifetime prevalence and age at onset of 18 DSM-IV anxiety, mood, externalizing, and substance disorders. Survival analyses estimated time-space variation in female to male odds ratios of these disorders across cohorts defined by the following age ranges: 18 to 34, 35 to 49, 50 to 64, and 65 years and older. Structural equation analysis examined predictive effects of variation in gender role traditionality on these odds ratios. Results: In all cohorts and countries, women had more anxiety and mood disorders than men, and men had more externalizing and substance disorders than women. Although gender differences were generally consistent across cohorts, significant narrowing was found in recent cohorts for major depressive disorder and substance disorders. This narrowing was significantly related to temporal (major depressive disorder) and spatial (substance disorders) variation in gender role traditionality. Conclusions: While gender differences in most lifetime mental disorders were fairly stable over the time-space units studied, substantial intercohort narrowing of differences in major depression was found to be related to changes in the traditionality of female gender roles. Additional research is needed to understand why this temporal narrowing was confined to major depression.
Cross-national epidemiology of DSM-IV major depressive episode
(BIOMED CENTRAL LTD, 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND, 2011) Bromet, Evelyn; Andrade, Laura Helena; Hwang, Irving; Sampson, Nancy A.; Alonso, Jordi; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Demyttenaere, Koen; Hu, Chiyi; Iwata, Noboru; Karam, Aimee N.; Kaur, Jagdish; Kostyuchenko, Stanislav; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Levinson, Daphna; Matschinger, Herbert; Medina Mora, María Elena; Browne, Mark Oakley; Posada-Villa, José; Viana, María Carmen; Williams, David R.; Kessler, Ronald C.; SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Psychiat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA; ebromet@notes.cc.sunysb.edu
Background: Major depression is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, yet epidemiologic data are not available for many countries, particularly low- to middle-income countries. In this paper, we present data on the prevalence, impairment and demographic correlates of depression from 18 high and low-to middle-income countries in the World Mental Health Survey Initiative. Methods: Major depressive episodes (MDE) as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DMS-IV) were evaluated in face-to-face interviews using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Data from 18 countries were analyzed in this report (n = 89,037). All countries surveyed representative, population-based samples of adults. Results: The average lifetime and 12-month prevalence estimates of DSM-IV MDE were 14.6% and 5.5% in the ten high-income and 11.1% and 5.9% in the eight low- to middle-income countries. The average age of onset ascertained retrospectively was 25.7 in the high-income and 24.0 in low- to middle-income countries. Functional impairment was associated with recency of MDE. The female: male ratio was about 2: 1. In high-income countries, younger age was associated with higher 12-month prevalence; by contrast, in several low-to middle-income countries, older age was associated with greater likelihood of MDE. The strongest demographic correlate in high-income countries was being separated from a partner, and in low- to middle-income countries, was being divorced or widowed. Conclusions: MDE is a significant public-health concern across all regions of the world and is strongly linked to social conditions. Future research is needed to investigate the combination of demographic risk factors that are most strongly associated with MDE in the specific countries included in the WMH.
Cumulative traumas and risk thresholds: 12-month ptsd in the world mental health (WMH) surveys
(2014) Karam, Elie G.; Friedman, Matthew J.; Hill, Eric D.; Kessler, Ronald C.; McLaughlin, Katie A.; Petukhova, Maria; Sampson, Laura; Shahly, Victoria; Angermeyer, Matthias C.; Bromet, Evelyn J.; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Demyttenaere, Koen; Ferry, Finola; Florescu, Silvia E.; Haro, Josep Maria; He, Yanling; Karam, Aimee N.; Kawakami, Norito; Kovess-Masfety, Viviane; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Browne Oakley, Mark A.; Posada-Villa, José A.; Shalev, Arieh Y.; Stein, Dan J.; Viana, Maria Carmen; Zarkov, Zahari; Koenen, Karestan C.; Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy, and Applied Care (IDRAAC), St. George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; kck5@mail.cumc.columbia.edu
Determinants of effective treatment coverage for posttraumatic stress disorder: findings from the World Mental Health Surveys
(BioMed Central, 2023) Stein, Dan J.; Kazdin, Alan E.; Munthali, Richard J.; Hwang, Irving; Harris, Meredith G.; Alonso, Jordi; Andrade, Laura Helena; Brufaerts, Ronny; Cardoso, Graça; Chardoul, Stephanie; Girolamo, Giovanni de; Florescu, Silvia; Gureje, Oye; Haro, Josep Maria; Karam, Aimee N.; Karam, Elie G.; Kovess-Masfety, Viviane; Lee, Sing; Medina-Mora, Maria Elena; Navarro-Mateu, Fernando; Posada-Villa, José; Stagnaro, Juan Carlos; Have, Margreet ten; Sampson, Nancy A.; Kessler, Ronald C.; Vigo, Daniel V.; WHO World Mental Health Survey Collaborators; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Al-Hamzawi, Ali; Alonso, Jordi; Altwaijri, Yasmin A.; Andrade, Laura Helena; Atwoli, Lukoye; Benjet, Corina; Borges, Guilherme; Bromet, Evelyn J.; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Bunting, Brendan; Caldas-de-Almeida, Jose Miguel; Cardoso, Graça; Chardoul, Stephanie; Chatterji, Somnath; Cia, Alfredo H.; Degenhardt, Louisa; Demyttenaere, Koen; Florescu, Silvia; Girolamo, Giovanni; Gureje, Oye; Haro, Josep Maria; Harris, Meredith G.; Hinkov, Hristo; Hu, Chi-Yi; Jonge, Peter de; Karam, Aimee Nasser; Karam, Elie G.; Karam, Georges; Kawakami, Norito; Kessler, Ronald C.; Kiejna, Andrzej; Kovess-Masfety, Viviane; Lee, Sing; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; McGrath, John J.; Moskalewicz, Jacek; Navarro-Mateu, Fernando; Piazza, Marina; Posada-Villa, Jose; Scott, Kate M.; Slade, Tim; Stagnaro, Juan Carlos; Stein, Dan J.; Have, Margreet ten; Torres, Yolanda; Viana, Maria Carmen; Vigo, Daniel V.; Whiteford, Harvey; Williams, David R.; Wojtyniak, Bogdan; Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health and South African Medical Council Research Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; dan.stein@uct.ac.za (Dan J. Stein)
Development of lifetime comorbidity in the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys
(2011) Kessler, Ronald C.; Ormel, Johan; Petukhova, Maria; McLaughlin, Katie A.; Greif Green, Jennifer; Russo, Leo J.; Stein, Dan J.; Zaslavsky, Alan M; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Alonso, Jordi; Andrade, Laura; Benjet, Corina; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Demyttenaere, Koen; Fayyad, John; Haro, Josep Maria; Hu, Chi yi; Karam, Aimee; Lee, Sing; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Matchsinger, Herbert; Mihaescu-Pintia, Constanta; Posada-Villa, Jose; Sagar, Rajesh; Üstün, Bedirhan; Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
Development of Lifetime Comorbidity in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys
(AMER MEDICAL ASSOC, 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA, 2011) Kessler, Ronald C.; Ormel, Johan; Petukhova, María; McLaughlin, Katie A.; Green, Jennifer Greif; Russo, Leo J.; Stein, Dan J.; Zaslavsky, Alan M.; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Alonso, Jordi; Andrade, Laura; Benjet, Corina; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Graaf, Ron; Demyttenaere, Koen; Fayyad, John; Haro, Josep Maria; Hu, Chi Yi; Karam, Aimee; Lee, Sing; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Matchsinger, Herbert; Mihaescu-Pintia, Constanta; Posada-Villa, José; Sagar, Rajesh; Uestuen, T. Bedirhan; Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 USA; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
Context: Although numerous studies have examined the role of latent variables in the structure of comorbidity among mental disorders, none has examined their role in the development of comorbidity. Objective: To study the role of latent variables in the development of comorbidity among 18 lifetime DSM-IV disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. Design: Nationally or regionally representative community surveys. Setting: Fourteen countries. Participants: A total of 21 229 survey respondents. Main Outcome Measures: First onset of 18 lifetime DSM-IV anxiety, mood, behavior, and substance disorders assessed retrospectively in the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Results: Separate internalizing (anxiety and mood disorders) and externalizing (behavior and substance disorders) factors were found in exploratory factor analysis of lifetime disorders. Consistently significant positive time-lagged associations were found in survival analyses for virtually all temporally primary lifetime disorders predicting subsequent onset of other disorders. Within-domain (ie, internalizing or externalizing) associations were generally stronger than between-domain associations. Most time-lagged associations were explained by a model that assumed the existence of mediating latent internalizing and externalizing variables. Specific phobia and obsessive-compulsive disorder (internalizing) and hyperactivity and oppositional defiant disorders (externalizing) were the most important predictors. A small number of residual associations remained significant after controlling the latent variables. Conclusions: The good fit of the latent variable model suggests that common causal pathways account for most of the comorbidity among the disorders considered herein. These common pathways should be the focus of future research on the development of comorbidity, although several important pairwise associations that cannot be accounted for by latent variables also exist that warrant further focused study.
Disability and treatment of specific mental and physical disorders across the world
(ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS, BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 17 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON SW1X 8PG, ENGLAND, 2008) Ormel, Johan; Petukhova, María; Chatterji, Somnath; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Alonso, Jordi; Angermeyer, Matthias C.; Bromet, Evelyn J.; Burger, Huibert; Demyttenaere, Koen; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Maria Haro, Josep; Hwang, Irving; Karam, Elie; Kawakami, Norito; Lepine, Jean Pierre; Medina-Mora, María Elena; Posada-Villa, José; Sampson, Nancy; Scott, Kate; Uestuen, T. Bedirhan; Von Korff, Michael; Williams, David R.; Zhang, Mingyuan; Kessler, Ronald C.; Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 USA; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
Background: Advocates of expanded mental health treatment assert that mental disorders are as disabling as physical disorders, but little evidence supports this assertion. Aims: To establish the disability and treatment of specific mental and physical disorders in high-income and low- and middle-income countries. Method: Community epidemiological surveys were administered in 15 countries through the World Health organization World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative. Results: Respondents in both high-income and low- and middle-income countries attributed higher disability to mental disorders than to the commonly occurring physical disorders included in the surveys. This pattern held for all disorders and also for treated disorders. Disaggregation showed that the higher disability of mental than physical disorders was limited to disability in social and personal role functioning, whereas disability in productive role functioning was generally comparable for mental and physical disorders. Conclusions: Despite often higher disability, mental disorders are under-treated compared with physical disorders in both high-income and in low- and middle-income countries.
Dissociation in posttraumatic stress disorder: evidence from the World Mental Health Surveys
(2013) Stein, Dan J.; Koenen, Karestan C.; Friedman, Matthew J.; Hill, Eric; McLaughlin, Katie A.; Petukhova, Maria; Meron Ruscio, Ayelet; Shahly, Victoria; Spiegel, David; Borges, Guilherme; Bunting, Brendan; Caldas-de-Almeida, Jose Miguel; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Demyttenaere, Koen; Florescu, Silvia; Haro, Josep Maria; Karam, Elie G.; Kovess-Masfety, Viviane; Lee, Sing; Matschinger, Herbert; Mladenova, Maya; Posada-Villa, Jose; Tachimori, Hisateru; Viana, Maria Carmen; Kessler, Ronald C.; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health (DJS), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
Dissociation in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Evidence from the World Mental Health Surveys
(Elsevier Science INC, 360 Park Ave South, New York, NY 10010-1710 USA , 2013) Stein, Dan J.; Koenen, Karestan C.; Friedman, Matthew J.; Hill, Eric; McLaughlin, Katie A.; Petukhova, Maria; Ruscio, Ayelet Meron; Shahly, Victoria; Spiegel, David; Borges, Guilherme; Bunting, Brendan; Caldas-de-Almeida, Jose Miguel; de Girolamo, Giovanni; Demyttenaere, Koen; Florescu, Silvia; Maria Haro, Josep; Karam, Elie G.; Kovess-Masfety, Viviane; Lee, Sing; Matschinger, Herbert; Mladenova, Maya; Posada-Villa, Jose; Tachimori, Hisateru; Viana, Maria Carmen; Kessler, Ronald C.; Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, 180 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA; Kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
DSM-5 and ICD-11 definitions of posttraumatic stress disorder: investigating "narrow" and "broad" approaches
(2014) Stein, Dan J.; McLaughlin, Katie A.; Koenen, Karestan C.; Atwoli, Lukoye; Friedman, Matthew J.; Hill, Eric D.; Maercker, Andreas; Petukhova, Maria; Shahly, Victoria; Van Ommeren, Mark; Alonso, Jordi; Borges, Guilherme; De Girolamo, Giovanni; De Jonge, Peter; Demyttenaere, Koen; Florescu, Silvia; Karam, Elie G.; Kawakami, Norito; Matschinger, Herbert; Okoliyski, Michail; Posada-Villa, Jose; Scott, Kate M.; Viana, Maria Carmen; Kessler, Ronald C.; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; dan.stein@uct.ac.za
DSM-IV personality disorders in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys
(Royal College of Psychiatrists, British Journal of Psychiatry 17 Belgrave Square, London SW1X 8PG, England, 2009) Huang, Yueqin; Kotov, Roman; De Girolamo, Giovanni; Preti, Antonio; Angermeyer, Matthias; Benjet, Corina; Demyttenaere, Koen; De Graaf, Ron; Gureje, Oye; Karam, Aimee Nasser; Lee, Sing; Lepine, Jean Pierre; Matschinger, Herbert; Posada-Villa, José; Suliman, Sharain; Vilagut, Gemma; Kessler, Ronald C.; Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 USA; kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
Background: Little is known about the cross-national population prevalence or correlates of personality disorders. Aims: To estimate prevalence and correlates of DSM-IV personality disorder clusters in the World Health organization World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys. Method: International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) screening questions in 13 countries (n = 21 162) were calibrated to masked IPDE clinical diagnoses. Prevalence and correlates were estimated using multiple imputation. Results: Prevalence estimates are 6.1% (s.e. = 0.3) for any personality disorder and 3.6% (s.e.= 0.3), 1.5% (s.e.= 0.1) and 2.7% (s.e. = 0.2) for Clusters A, B and C respectively. Personality disorders are significantly elevated among males, the previously married (Cluster C), unemployed (Cluster C), the young (Clusters A and B) and the poorly educated. Personality disorders are highly comorbid with Axis I disorders. Impairments associated with personality disorders are only partially explained by comorbidity. Conclusions: Personality disorders are relatively common disorders that often co-occur with Axis I disorders and are associated with significant role impairments beyond those due to comorbidity.