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Fentanyl is used in Mexico's northern border: current challenges for drug health policies

dc.creatorFleiz, Claraes_ES
dc.creatorArredondo, Jaimees_ES
dc.creatorChavez, Alfonsoes_ES
dc.creatorPacheco, Liliaes_ES
dc.creatorSegovia, Luis A.es_ES
dc.creatorVillatoro, Jorge A.es_ES
dc.creatorCruz, Silvia L.es_ES
dc.creatorMedina-Mora, María E.es_ES
dc.creatorFuente, Juan R. de laes_ES
dc.date2020
dc.date.accessioned2022-07-25T14:46:44Z
dc.date.available2022-07-25T14:46:44Z
dc.date.issued2020es_ES
dc.identifierJC017es_ES
dc.identifier.issn0965-2140es_ES
dc.identifier.urihttp://repositorio.inprf.gob.mx/handle/123456789/7557
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1111/add.14934es_ES
dc.descriptionBackground and aims: Results from a recent study among 750 heroin users in three Mexico's northern border cities revealed an increase in white powder availability (also known as China white) and preference for this product among heroin users, as well as a general perception of increased overdose cases among this population. Here, we questioned whether those findings reflect an increased presence of heroin laced with fentanyl, which is associated with greater risks of overdose but that, until now, has not been described in Mexico. Design: We tested fentanyl using highly sensitive test strips in syringe plungers, metal cookers and drug wrappings associated with heroin use. Setting: Three injection sites in Tijuana, Baja California, México. Participants: Eighty-nine heroin users who interchanged paraphernalia for new syringes. Measurements: We tested 59 residues of 'pure' white powder. The rest were white powder with black tar (n = 5) or white powder with crystal meth (n = 9), black tar with crystal meth (n = 1), black tar only (n = 13) and crystal meth only (n = 2). Findings: Users believed that they consumed either white powder heroin, white powder heroin with crystal meth, white powder with black tar heroin or black tar heroin only. Analyses revealed that 93% (n = 55) of the 'pure' white powder samples had fentanyl. All (n = 9) the white powder samples mixed with crystal meth and 40% (n = 2) of the white powder with black tar were also laced with fentanyl. Conclusions: In a sample of 89 heroin users in Mexico, most white powder heroin users were unknowingly exposed to fentanyl, with fentanyl detected in 93% of white powder samples.es_ES
dc.formatPDFes_ES
dc.language.isoenges_ES
dc.publisherWiley-Blackwelles_ES
dc.relation115(4)778-781es_ES
dc.rightsAcceso Cerradoes_ES
dc.titleFentanyl is used in Mexico's northern border: current challenges for drug health policieses_ES
dc.typeArtículoes_ES
dc.contributor.affiliationNational Institute of Psychiatry, Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz (INPRM), Mexico City, Mexico.es_ES
dc.contributor.emailfleiz@imp.edu.mxes_ES
dc.relation.jnabreviadoADDICTIONes_ES
dc.relation.journalAddictiones_ES
dc.identifier.placeInglaterraes_ES
dc.date.published2020es_ES
dc.identifier.organizacionInstituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñizes_ES
dc.identifier.eissn1360-0443es_ES
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/add.14934es_ES
dc.subject.kwChina whitees_ES
dc.subject.kwDrug checkinges_ES
dc.subject.kwFentanyes_ES
dc.subject.kwHeroines_ES
dc.subject.kwMexico’snorthern borderes_ES
dc.subject.kwWhite powderes_ES


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